/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Emotion & Culture Lab — Material Design 3 Expressive

   Shared M3 semantic tokens (surfaces, ink, outlines, containers, shape,
   elevation, motion) live in assets/tokens.css, loaded before this file.
   This :root holds only the lab site's source color and its app-specific
   tokens — logo/emotion palettes, paper surfaces, tertiary roles, organic
   shapes, gradients, and the lab-site --accent / --brand / type scale / width.
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
:root {
  --accent: hsl(16, 64%, 46%);

  /* Logo-derived accent colors for decorative blobs */
  --logo-red: #e4040f;
  --logo-orange: #ff6e01;
  --logo-blue: #508bff;
  --logo-gray: #7f8d96;

  /* Emotion color palette (inspired by demo) */
  --emotion-rose: #ff6f91;
  --emotion-coral: #ff9671;
  --emotion-amber: #ffc75f;
  --emotion-tea: #7fc8a9;
  --emotion-blue: #76a9ff;
  --emotion-violet: #b897ff;

  /* Paper-like warm surfaces */
  --paper: #fff9f2;
  --paper-2: #fff0e4;

  /* tertiary (expressive accent complement) */
  --tertiary: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 100%, #2d7d5f);
  --tertiary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 15%, #e8f5e9);

  /* expressive shape variants */
  --shape-expressive-sm: 12px 4px 12px 4px;
  --shape-expressive-md: 16px 6px 16px 6px;
  --shape-expressive-lg: 24px 8px 24px 8px;

  /* organic shape tokens (from demo) */
  --radius-xs: 12px;
  --radius-s: 20px;
  --radius-m: 34px;
  --radius-l: 52px;
  --radius-xl: 88px;

  /* elevation (level 4 extends the shared 1–3 scale) */
  --elev-4: 0 6px 12px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);

  /* expressive shadows (warmer, softer) */
  --shadow-soft: 0 12px 32px rgba(92, 53, 47, .12);
  --shadow-warm: 0 24px 70px rgba(92, 53, 47, .18);

  /* typography */
  --brand: "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", "Noto Sans SC", Roboto,
    -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;

  /* expressive type scale */
  --display-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 3.6rem);
  --display-weight: 800;
  --headline-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.5vw, 2.1rem);
  --title-size: 1.3rem;
  --title-weight: 700;

  /* motion — extends the shared emphasized/standard/spring curves */
  --ease-emphasized-decel: cubic-bezier(0.05, 0.7, 0.1, 1);
  --ease-emphasized-accel: cubic-bezier(0.3, 0, 0.8, 0.15);
  --ease-spring-gentle: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1);
  --ease-bounce: cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.8, 0.64, 1);

  /* layout */
  --w: 1100px;
  --appbar-h: 56px;

  /* expressive gradient tokens */
  --gradient-primary: linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in oklch, var(--accent), black 8%), color-mix(in oklch, var(--accent), white 26%));
  --gradient-surface: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--surface-1), var(--bg));
  --gradient-glow: radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 15%, transparent), transparent 70%);
}

[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 5%, #111118);
  --surface: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 4%, #1d1b20);
  --surface-1: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, #1d1b20);
  --surface-2: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, #1d1b20);
  --surface-3: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 11%, #1d1b20);
  --ink: #e6e0e9;
  --ink-soft: #cac4d0;
  --muted: #938f99;
  --outline: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, #5a5660);
  --outline-soft: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, #3a3640);
  --primary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 28%, #1d1b20);
  --on-primary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 85%, white);
  --secondary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 22%, #1d1b20);
  --on-secondary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 85%, white);
  --tertiary-container: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 15%, #1a2e23);
  --elev-1: 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  --elev-2: 0 2px 6px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  --elev-3: 0 4px 8px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  --elev-4: 0 6px 12px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35), 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  --gradient-primary: linear-gradient(135deg, color-mix(in oklch, var(--accent), black 4%), color-mix(in oklch, var(--accent), white 22%));
  --gradient-glow: radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent), transparent 70%);
}

/* ── reset & base ── */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; overflow-x: hidden; }
body {
  font-family: var(--brand);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1vw + 11px, 18px);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  min-height: 100vh;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
[hidden] { display: none !important; }
a { color: var(--primary); }

#progress-bar {
  position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; height: 3px; width: 0;
  background: var(--gradient-primary);
  border-radius: 0 var(--shape-full) var(--shape-full) 0;
  z-index: 1001; transition: width 0.1s linear;
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Top app bar — Pill-shaped, fixed, transparent with blur
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.site-appbar {
  position: fixed; top: 12px; z-index: 980;
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% - 28px));
  left: 14px; right: 14px; margin: 0 auto;
  height: var(--appbar-h);
  padding: 10px 12px 10px 18px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 50%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(16px);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .2));
  border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, .06);
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease-standard), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .site-appbar {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 5%, rgba(29, 27, 32, .5));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .08));
}
.site-appbar.scrolled {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 70%, transparent);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .site-appbar.scrolled {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, rgba(29, 27, 32, .7));
}

/* ── Dropdown submenu — transparent with blur ── */
.nav-submenu {
  position: fixed;
  min-width: 180px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 70%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .2));
  border-radius: var(--radius-s);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(24px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(24px);
  padding: 0.4rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-8px) scale(0.96);
  transition: opacity 0.25s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring), visibility 0.25s;
  z-index: 1000;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .nav-submenu {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 60%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .1));
}
.appbar-brand {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none; color: var(--primary); flex-shrink: 0;
}
.appbar-logo { display: grid; place-items: center; line-height: 0; }
.appbar-logo svg, .appbar-logo img {
  display: block; height: 22px; width: auto;
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.appbar-titles { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.15; }
.appbar-name {
  font-weight: 750; font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink); letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.appbar-sub { font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--muted); }

.appbar-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; margin-left: auto; }
.nav-item { position: relative; }
.nav-link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.1rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.55rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  white-space: nowrap; position: relative;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard), color 0.2s var(--ease-standard),
              transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.nav-caret { opacity: 0.7; transition: transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring); }
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

.nav-item.has-children:focus-within .nav-submenu {
  opacity: 1; visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}
/* JS portals the submenu to <body> and toggles .open so the blur can sample
   page content (an ancestor backdrop-filter would otherwise isolate it). */
.nav-submenu.open {
  opacity: 1; visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.nav-subitem {
  padding: 0.5rem 0.9rem; font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--shape-sm);
  text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;
  transition: background-color 0.15s var(--ease-standard), color 0.15s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

.appbar-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.2rem; }

/* M3 Expressive icon button — matches journal style */
.icon-btn {
  width: 40px; height: 40px; border: none;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 10%, transparent);
  color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  display: grid; place-items: center; line-height: 0;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard), color 0.2s var(--ease-standard),
              border-radius 0.3s var(--ease-spring), transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.icon-btn:active { border-radius: var(--shape-md); transform: scale(0.9); }
.icon-btn svg { display: block; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.nav-toggle { display: none; }

/* M3 spin — journal-style theme toggle animation */
.icon-btn.spinning {
  animation: theme-spin .5s var(--ease-spring) both;
}
@keyframes theme-spin {
  0%   { transform: scale(1)    rotate(0deg); }
  30%  { transform: scale(.78)  rotate(130deg); }
  62%  { transform: scale(1.1)  rotate(295deg); }
  100% { transform: scale(1)    rotate(360deg); }
}

.theme-icon { position: absolute; display: grid; place-items: center; line-height: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.25s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.45s var(--ease-spring);
  will-change: transform, opacity; }
.theme-icon svg { display: block; }
/* light mode: moon visible, sun hidden */
[data-theme="light"] .icon-sun, html:not([data-theme]) .icon-sun {
  opacity: 0; transform: rotate(-120deg) scale(0.45); pointer-events: none; }
[data-theme="light"] .icon-moon, html:not([data-theme]) .icon-moon {
  opacity: 1; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1); }
/* dark mode: sun visible, moon hidden */
[data-theme="dark"] .icon-moon {
  opacity: 0; transform: rotate(120deg) scale(0.45); pointer-events: none; }
[data-theme="dark"] .icon-sun {
  opacity: 1; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1); }

/* ── mobile drawer ── */
.mobile-drawer {
  position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; width: min(320px, 84vw);
  background: var(--surface-1); box-shadow: var(--elev-3); z-index: 1001;
  transform: translateX(110%); transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-emphasized);
  padding: calc(var(--appbar-h) + 1rem) 1rem 2rem; overflow-y: auto;
}
.mobile-drawer.open { transform: translateX(0); }
.drawer-link {
  display: block; padding: 0.7rem 1rem; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--shape-sm);
  transition: background-color 0.15s, transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.drawer-sublink {
  display: block; padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 1.8rem; font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--shape-sm);
  transition: background-color 0.15s, transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.drawer-scrim {
  position: fixed; inset: 0; background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 40%, transparent);
  z-index: 1000; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease-standard), visibility 0.3s;
}
.drawer-scrim.open { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Layout primitives
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
#content { min-height: 60vh; flex: 1 0 auto; position: relative; padding-top: var(--appbar-h); }
section { max-width: var(--w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }
.section-h {
  position: relative; font-size: var(--title-size); font-weight: var(--title-weight);
  color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 1.1rem; padding-left: 0.9rem;
}
.section-h::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.15em; bottom: 0.1em; width: 5px;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  background: var(--gradient-primary);
}

/* ── M3 Expressive scroll-reveal system ── */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(32px) scale(0.97);
  transition: opacity 0.7s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.7s var(--ease-spring-gentle);
}
.reveal.revealed {
  opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}
.reveal-left {
  opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-40px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.7s var(--ease-spring-gentle);
}
.reveal-left.revealed { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
.reveal-right {
  opacity: 0; transform: translateX(40px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.7s var(--ease-spring-gentle);
}
.reveal-right.revealed { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
.reveal-scale {
  opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.85);
  transition: opacity 0.6s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.6s var(--ease-spring);
}
.reveal-scale.revealed { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }

/* stagger children on reveal */
.reveal-stagger > * {
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(24px);
  transition: opacity 0.5s var(--ease-emphasized-decel),
              transform 0.5s var(--ease-spring-gentle);
}
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(1) { transition-delay: 0.06s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.12s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.18s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.24s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(5) { transition-delay: 0.30s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(6) { transition-delay: 0.36s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(7) { transition-delay: 0.42s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(8) { transition-delay: 0.48s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(9) { transition-delay: 0.54s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(10) { transition-delay: 0.60s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
/* Any children beyond the 10th still reveal (no invisible gaps for long lists) */
.reveal-stagger.revealed > *:nth-child(n+11) { transition-delay: 0.66s; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }

/* buttons — M3 Expressive with energy */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.4rem; font-family: var(--brand); font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none; border-radius: var(--shape-full); border: none; cursor: pointer;
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.2s var(--ease-standard),
              background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard);
}
.btn:active { transform: scale(0.94); }
.btn-filled { background: var(--gradient-primary); color: var(--on-primary); box-shadow: var(--elev-1); }
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.btn-tonal { background: var(--secondary-container); color: var(--on-secondary-container); }
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.btn-outlined {
  background: transparent; color: var(--primary);
  border: 2px solid var(--primary); box-shadow: none;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* button ripple */
.btn::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at var(--ripple-x, 50%) var(--ripple-y, 50%),
    rgba(255,255,255,0.3) 0%, transparent 60%);
  opacity: 0; transform: scale(0); border-radius: inherit;
  transition: opacity 0.4s, transform 0.5s var(--ease-spring);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.btn:active::after { opacity: 1; transform: scale(2.5); transition: 0s; }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Home — hero (M3 Expressive, contained banner with blobs)
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Home — Emotion Atlas Hero (living atlas pattern)
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.emotion-atlas-hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(330px, 0.92fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 620px;
  padding: 4rem 1.5rem;
  max-width: var(--w);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.atlas-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-rose) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-rose) 15%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9));
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-rose) 60%, #4a2030);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .hero-badge {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-rose) 20%, rgba(29, 27, 32, 0.85));
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-coral) 80%, white);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--emotion-rose) 30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12));
}

.atlas-highlight,
.hero-title .atlas-highlight.word-inner {
  color: transparent;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ink) 20%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 70%, var(--ink)) 50%, var(--primary) 80%);
  background-size: 200% 200%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  background-clip: text;
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 4.2rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  max-width: 580px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.hero-lead {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  max-width: 560px;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex; gap: 0.75rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

/* ── Watercolor Moodboard hero illustration ── */
.hero-moodboard {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 500px;
  overflow: visible;
}

/* Soft watercolor wash — layered radial gradients with logo colors */
.moodboard-wash {
  position: absolute;
  inset: -20%;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 65% 55% at 20% 25%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-red) 38%, transparent) 0%, transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 60% at 80% 20%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-blue) 32%, transparent) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 55% 50% at 15% 85%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-orange) 30%, transparent) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 55% at 82% 80%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-gray) 24%, transparent) 0%, transparent 55%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 45% 45% at 50% 50%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-red) 20%, transparent) 0%, transparent 50%);
  filter: blur(45px);
  animation: wash-drift 8s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes wash-drift {
  0% { transform: translate(0, 0) scale(0.85) rotate(0deg); opacity: 0.7; }
  20% { transform: translate(25px, -20px) scale(1.08) rotate(5deg); opacity: 1; }
  40% { transform: translate(-20px, 15px) scale(0.9) rotate(-4deg); opacity: 0.8; }
  60% { transform: translate(18px, -12px) scale(1.12) rotate(6deg); opacity: 1; }
  80% { transform: translate(-15px, 10px) scale(0.88) rotate(-3deg); opacity: 0.75; }
  100% { transform: translate(10px, -8px) scale(1.15) rotate(-5deg); opacity: 0.9; }
}

[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-wash {
  opacity: 0.6;
}

/* Dashed connector lines */
.moodboard-connectors {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}
.connector-line {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 30%, #888);
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-dasharray: 6 6;
  opacity: 0.5;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .connector-line {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 40%, #aaa);
  opacity: 0.4;
}

/* Central cycling emoticon — the hero piece */
.moodboard-emoticon {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 160px;
  height: 160px;
  z-index: 3;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15));
  animation: emoticon-breathe 4s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes emoticon-breathe {
  0% { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1) rotate(0deg); }
  25% { transform: translate(-50%, -48%) scale(1.06) rotate(2deg); }
  50% { transform: translate(-50%, -52%) scale(0.97) rotate(-1.5deg); }
  75% { transform: translate(-48%, -50%) scale(1.08) rotate(1deg); }
  100% { transform: translate(-52%, -50%) scale(1.03) rotate(-2deg); }
}

/* Dual-img crossfade */
.orbit-emoticon-img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: contain;
  transition: opacity 1s var(--ease-standard);
}

/* Scattered modality icons — moodboard collage style with static layered Material shapes */
.moodboard-icon {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  --plate-shape: inset(0 round 24px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  isolation: isolate;
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}
.moodboard-icon::before {
  display: none;
}

.moodboard-plate {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 50%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  display: block;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--plate-rot, 0deg));
  clip-path: var(--plate-shape);
  -webkit-clip-path: var(--plate-shape);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), opacity 0.25s var(--ease-standard);
}
.moodboard-plate--outer {
  width: var(--plate-outer-size, 118%);
  z-index: 0;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 34%, #fff);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 26px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 18%, transparent);
  opacity: 0.78;
}
.moodboard-plate--middle {
  width: var(--plate-middle-size, 102%);
  z-index: 1;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 20%, #fff);
  opacity: 0.9;
}
.moodboard-plate--inner {
  width: var(--plate-inner-size, 86%);
  z-index: 2;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92));
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
}

.moodboard-icon span:not(.moodboard-plate) {
  display: none;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-icon {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-plate--outer {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 36%, #17151b);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 26px color-mix(in srgb, black 34%, transparent);
  opacity: 0.82;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-plate--middle {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 24%, #25222b);
  opacity: 0.92;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-plate--inner {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, rgba(45, 43, 48, 0.92));
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-icon span:not(.moodboard-plate) {
  display: none;
}

.moodboard-icon:hover {
  transform: scale(1.12);
  z-index: 10;
}
.moodboard-icon:hover .moodboard-plate--outer { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.05) rotate(calc(var(--plate-rot, 0deg) - 4deg)); opacity: 0.86; }
.moodboard-icon:hover .moodboard-plate--middle { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.03) rotate(calc(var(--plate-rot, 0deg) + 3deg)); opacity: 0.96; }
.moodboard-icon:hover .moodboard-plate--inner { transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.01) rotate(var(--plate-rot, 0deg)); }

.moodboard-icon svg {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  opacity: 0.9;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 60%, #2a181e);
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring), opacity 0.3s;
  width: 60%;
  height: 60%;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .moodboard-icon svg {
  opacity: 1;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 50%, white);
}

/* Each icon: different size, position, rotation for collage feel */
.mi-face {
  --plate-outer-size: 120%;
  --plate-middle-size: 103%;
  --plate-inner-size: 86%;
  top: 10%;
  left: 3%;
  width: 100px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  animation: mi-drift-a 7s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.mi-voice {
  --plate-outer-size: 116%;
  --plate-middle-size: 100%;
  --plate-inner-size: 84%;
  --plate-rot: 8deg;
  top: 8%;
  right: 0%;
  width: 110px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  animation: mi-drift-b 8.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.mi-drawing {
  --plate-outer-size: 124%;
  --plate-middle-size: 106%;
  --plate-inner-size: 88%;
  --plate-rot: -10deg;
  bottom: 24%;
  left: 0%;
  width: 85px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  animation: mi-drift-c 6.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.mi-film {
  --plate-outer-size: 119%;
  --plate-middle-size: 101%;
  --plate-inner-size: 85%;
  --plate-rot: 12deg;
  bottom: 16%;
  right: 2%;
  width: 95px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  animation: mi-drift-a 9s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.mi-music {
  --plate-outer-size: 126%;
  --plate-middle-size: 108%;
  --plate-inner-size: 90%;
  --plate-rot: -6deg;
  bottom: 3%;
  left: 35%;
  width: 80px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-radius: 24px;
  animation: mi-drift-b 7.5s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes mi-drift-a {
  0% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
  25% { transform: translateY(-18px) rotate(4deg); }
  50% { transform: translateY(6px) rotate(-2deg); }
  75% { transform: translateY(-10px) rotate(3deg); }
  100% { transform: translateY(14px) rotate(-3deg); }
}
@keyframes mi-drift-b {
  0% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
  25% { transform: translateY(14px) rotate(-3.5deg); }
  50% { transform: translateY(-16px) rotate(2.5deg); }
  75% { transform: translateY(8px) rotate(-1.5deg); }
  100% { transform: translateY(-12px) rotate(4deg); }
}
@keyframes mi-drift-c {
  0% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
  25% { transform: translateY(-14px) rotate(3deg); }
  50% { transform: translateY(18px) rotate(-4deg); }
  75% { transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(2deg); }
  100% { transform: translateY(10px) rotate(-2.5deg); }
}

/* ── Scattered watercolor emoticons drifting across banner + welcome ── */
.hero-zone { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.emoticon-field {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1; overflow: hidden;
}
.floating-emoticon {
  position: absolute; pointer-events: none;
  width: var(--em-size, 64px); height: var(--em-size, 64px);
  opacity: 0; will-change: transform;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.08));
  animation:
    emoticon-appear 1s var(--ease-spring) var(--em-delay, 0s) both,
    emoticon-drift var(--em-dur, 16s) ease-in-out var(--em-delay, 0s) infinite alternate;
}
.floating-emoticon img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; object-fit: contain;
  transform: translate(var(--em-px, 0px), var(--em-py, 0px));
  transition: transform 0.5s var(--ease-spring);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .floating-emoticon { filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.35)) brightness(0.92); }
@keyframes emoticon-appear {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.4) rotate(-12deg); }
  to   { opacity: var(--em-opacity, 0.5); transform: scale(1) rotate(var(--em-rot, 0deg)); }
}
@keyframes emoticon-drift {
  0%   { transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(var(--em-rot, 0deg)); }
  50%  { transform: translate(var(--em-dx, 14px), var(--em-dy, -18px)) rotate(calc(var(--em-rot, 0deg) + 8deg)); }
  100% { transform: translate(calc(var(--em-dx, 14px) * -0.6), calc(var(--em-dy, -18px) * -0.5)) rotate(calc(var(--em-rot, 0deg) - 6deg)); }
}

/* ── Quick-nav section — every section at a glance ── */
.quick-nav {
  max-width: var(--w); margin: 0 auto 3rem; padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.quick-nav-title {
  font-size: var(--title-size); font-weight: var(--title-weight);
  color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 1.2rem; text-align: center;
}
.quick-nav-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}
.quick-nav-card {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
  background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-radius: var(--shape-lg); padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  text-decoration: none; color: inherit;
  box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              border-color 0.25s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
/* Expressive per-card accent - rainbow colors matching page accents */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(1) { --card-accent: hsl(25, 85%, 58%); }   /* News - Orange */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(2) { --card-accent: hsl(42, 75%, 48%); }   /* People - Yellow/Gold */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(3) { --card-accent: hsl(150, 55%, 42%); }  /* Research - Green */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(4) { --card-accent: hsl(185, 60%, 44%); }  /* Resources - Cyan */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(5) { --card-accent: hsl(220, 70%, 56%); }  /* Courses - Blue */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(6) { --card-accent: hsl(250, 55%, 60%); }  /* Join Us - Indigo */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(7) { --card-accent: hsl(280, 50%, 56%); }  /* Contact - Purple */
.quick-nav-card:nth-child(8) { --card-accent: var(--logo-gray); }    /* Journal - Keep gray (independent) */
.quick-nav-icon {
  width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: var(--shape-md);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--card-accent, var(--accent)) 16%, var(--surface-2));
  display: grid; place-items: center; flex-shrink: 0;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--card-accent, var(--accent)) 75%, var(--ink));
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), clip-path 1.2s var(--ease-spring),
              -webkit-clip-path 1.2s var(--ease-spring), background-color 0.3s;
  will-change: clip-path, -webkit-clip-path, transform;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.quick-nav-icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; display: block; }
.quick-nav-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.quick-nav-label { font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.3; }
.quick-nav-desc { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.4; }

/* ── dominant Weekly Journal feature ── */
.journal-banner { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 3.5rem; }
.journal-card {
  position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--primary-container); color: var(--on-primary-container);
  border-radius: var(--shape-xl); padding: 2rem 2.25rem; text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard);
}
.journal-card::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg,
    transparent 0%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, transparent) 30%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--logo-orange) 8%, transparent) 60%,
    transparent 100%);
  opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.4s; pointer-events: none;
  animation: journal-shimmer 8s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes journal-shimmer {
  0%, 100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
  50% { background-position: 100% 50%; }
}
.journal-card:active { transform: translateY(-2px) scale(0.998); }
.journal-cover {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 150px; border-radius: var(--shape-lg); overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--elev-2); background: #fff; line-height: 0;
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.journal-cover img { width: 100%; display: block; }
.journal-text { flex: 1; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.journal-eyebrow {
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: var(--label-track);
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--primary);
}
.journal-title {
  font-size: var(--headline-size); font-weight: var(--headline-weight);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em; margin: 0.5rem 0; color: var(--on-primary-container);
}
.journal-desc { font-size: 0.98rem; line-height: 1.65; opacity: 0.9; }
.journal-cta {
  display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.25rem; margin-top: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.journal-cta-pill {
  display: block; width: 40px; height: 4px;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  background: var(--primary);
  transition: width 0.3s var(--ease-spring), background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.journal-arrow {
  flex-shrink: 0; align-self: center; width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  display: grid; place-items: center; color: var(--on-primary);
  background: var(--gradient-primary); box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.journal-arrow svg { display: block; }

/* ── intro prose ── */
.prose { max-width: 760px; }
.home-intro { margin: 0 auto 3rem; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.prose p { margin: 0 0 1rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.8; }
.prose a { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; position: relative; }
.prose a::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: -1px; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 1.5px;
  background: var(--primary); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: right;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-emphasized);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.prose a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.prose strong { color: var(--ink); }

/* ── research interests ── */
.research { margin-bottom: 4rem; }
.research-card {
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius-m); padding: 2rem 2.1rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .research-card {
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.research-intro { color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.85; max-width: 80ch; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.research-areas { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.75rem; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.research-area-title {
  font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: var(--label-track); text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--outline-soft);
  position: relative;
}
.research-area-title::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: -2px; left: 0; width: 40px; height: 2px;
  background: var(--gradient-primary); border-radius: var(--shape-full);
}
.research-list { list-style: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 0.5rem 1.5rem; }
.research-list li {
  position: relative; padding-left: 1.3rem; font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--ink-soft);
  transition: color 0.2s, transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.research-list li::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0.55em; width: 7px; height: 7px;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full); background: var(--gradient-primary);
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Section dividers
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.section-divider {
  width: 100%; height: 48px; display: block; margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: var(--w); padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.section-divider svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }
.section-divider path {
  fill: none; stroke: var(--outline-soft); stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-dasharray: 8 6; stroke-linecap: round;
  animation: dash-flow 20s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes dash-flow { to { stroke-dashoffset: -100; } }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Footer — M3 Expressive with depth
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.site-footer {
  margin-top: 3rem; background: var(--surface-1);
  border-top: 3px solid transparent;
  border-image: var(--gradient-primary) 1;
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.site-footer::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: -60px; top: -60px; width: 200px; height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%; pointer-events: none;
  background: radial-gradient(closest-side, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 6%, transparent), transparent 70%);
}
.site-footer::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: -40px; bottom: -40px; width: 150px; height: 150px;
  border-radius: 50%; pointer-events: none;
  background: radial-gradient(closest-side, color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 4%, transparent), transparent 70%);
}
.footer-inner {
  max-width: var(--w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
}
.footer-name { font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.footer-sub { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); margin: 0.25rem 0 0.6rem; }
.footer-email {
  font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none;
  position: relative; transition: color 0.2s;
}
.footer-email::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; bottom: -1px; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 1.5px;
  background: var(--primary); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: right;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-emphasized);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.footer-email:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.footer-wechat { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.9rem; font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--muted); }
.qr-thumb {
  border: none; background: transparent; padding: 0; cursor: zoom-in;
  border-radius: var(--shape-sm); line-height: 0;
}
.footer-wechat img {
  border-radius: var(--shape-sm); background: #fff; padding: 4px; display: block;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.qr-thumb:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--primary); outline-offset: 3px; }

/* Shared image lightbox */
.zoomable { cursor: zoom-in; }
.img-lightbox {
  position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 1100;
  display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 1.5rem;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #000 72%, transparent);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(6px); backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease-standard), visibility 0.3s;
}
.img-lightbox.open { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.img-lightbox-fig {
  margin: 0; text-align: center;
  max-width: min(94vw, 1000px); max-height: 90vh;
  transform: scale(0.88) translateY(12px);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}
.img-lightbox.open .img-lightbox-fig { transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
.img-lightbox-fig img {
  max-width: 100%; max-height: 82vh; height: auto; display: block;
  margin: 0 auto; border-radius: var(--shape-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--elev-4); background: #fff;
}
.img-lightbox-fig figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.9rem; font-size: 0.92rem; color: #fff; font-weight: 600;
}
.img-lightbox-close {
  position: absolute; top: 1rem; right: 1rem;
  width: 44px; height: 44px; border: none; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 18%, transparent); color: #fff; cursor: pointer;
  display: grid; place-items: center; z-index: 2;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Back-to-top FAB
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.fab {
  position: fixed; z-index: 970;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0;
  height: 56px; min-width: 56px; padding: 0 16px;
  border: none; cursor: pointer;
  font-family: var(--brand); font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--on-primary-container);
  background: var(--primary-container);
  border-radius: var(--shape-md);
  box-shadow: var(--elev-3);
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring),
              box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              background-color 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              opacity 0.3s var(--ease-standard),
              visibility 0.3s,
              gap 0.3s var(--ease-spring),
              padding 0.3s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.fab:active { transform: scale(0.92); }

.fab-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0; display: block; line-height: 0;
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

.fab-label {
  max-width: 0; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; opacity: 0;
  transition: max-width 0.3s var(--ease-emphasized),
              opacity 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              margin 0.3s var(--ease-spring);
  margin-left: 0;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

.fab--back-to-top {
  bottom: 32px; right: 32px;
}
/* Entrance animation — springs up from below */
.fab--back-to-top.fab-enter {
  animation: fab-spring-in 0.5s var(--ease-spring) both;
}
@keyframes fab-spring-in {
  0%   { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.4) translateY(40px); }
  60%  { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.08) translateY(-4px); }
  100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
}
/* Exit animation */
.fab--back-to-top.fab-exit {
  animation: fab-spring-out 0.3s var(--ease-emphasized-accel) both;
}
@keyframes fab-spring-out {
  to { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.5) translateY(20px); }
}
/* Fallback for no-JS or hidden state */
.fab[hidden] { display: none; }

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .fab--back-to-top { bottom: 24px; right: 24px; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Responsive
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  .appbar-sub { display: none; }
}
/* Tighten nav so all 9 tabs fit before collapsing to the drawer */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .nav-link { padding: 0.4rem 0.4rem; font-size: 0.78rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .appbar-nav { display: none; }
  .nav-toggle { display: grid; }
  /* Nav (which carried margin-left:auto) is gone — push actions to the right */
  .appbar-actions { margin-left: auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .floating-emoticon { --em-size: 48px !important; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .journal-card { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; text-align: left; }
  .journal-cover { width: 130px; align-self: center; }
  .journal-arrow { align-self: flex-end; }
  .quick-nav-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr)); }
}

/* ── Emotion Atlas Hero responsive ── */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .emotion-atlas-hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: auto;
    gap: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .atlas-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; }
  .hero-title { max-width: 100%; }
  .hero-lead { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .hero-actions { justify-content: center; }
  .hero-moodboard { min-height: 400px; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .emotion-atlas-hero { padding: 2rem 1rem; }
  .hero-title { font-size: 2.6rem; }
  .hero-moodboard { min-height: 320px; }
  .moodboard-emoticon { width: 120px; height: 120px; }
  .moodboard-icon { padding: 7px 10px; }
  .moodboard-icon svg { width: 50% !important; height: 50% !important; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — 3D Tilt Cards
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.tilt-card {
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  will-change: transform;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Self-drawing Section Underlines
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.section-h::before {
  transform-origin: top;
  animation: underline-draw 0.8s var(--ease-spring) both;
}
.section-h.revealed::before {
  animation: underline-draw 0.8s var(--ease-spring) both;
}
@keyframes underline-draw {
  0% { transform: scaleY(0); }
  60% { transform: scaleY(1.4); }
  80% { transform: scaleY(0.9); }
  100% { transform: scaleY(1); }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Dual-tone Gradient Surfaces
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.surface-dual {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg,
      color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, var(--surface-1)) 0%,
      color-mix(in srgb, var(--complement, var(--accent)) 5%, var(--surface-1)) 100%
    );
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Word-by-word Hero Reveal
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.hero-title .word {
  display: inline-block;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(10px) scale(0.97);
  animation: word-land 0.55s var(--ease-spring) both;
}
/* Gradient clip lives on the inner span (no transform) to avoid the iOS Safari
   bug where transform + background-clip:text renders invisible text. */
.hero-title .word-inner {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--ink);
}
@keyframes word-land {
  0% { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px) scale(0.97); }
  50% { opacity: 1; }
  70% { transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.02); }
  100% { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Publication Year Chips
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.chip-group {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.chip {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.05rem; font-family: var(--brand);
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 680;
  color: var(--ink-soft); background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft); border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  cursor: pointer; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  transition: background-color 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              color 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              border-color 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring),
              box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard);
}
.chip:active { transform: scale(0.95); }
.chip--selected {
  background: var(--gradient-primary); color: var(--on-primary);
  border-color: transparent; box-shadow: var(--elev-2);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.chip .chip-count {
  font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700; opacity: 0.7;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 15%, transparent);
  padding: 0.1rem 0.4rem; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — View Transition Names
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
::view-transition-old(root),
::view-transition-new(root) {
  animation-duration: 0.35s;
  animation-timing-function: var(--ease-emphasized);
}
::view-transition-old(root) {
  animation-name: vt-fade-out;
}
::view-transition-new(root) {
  animation-name: vt-fade-in;
}
@keyframes vt-fade-out {
  to { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.96) translateY(10px); }
}
@keyframes vt-fade-in {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(1.02) translateY(-10px); }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Emoticon Hover Interaction
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.floating-emoticon {
  transition: transform 0.5s var(--ease-spring), opacity 0.3s;
}
.floating-emoticon.hovered {
  transform: scale(1.2) rotate(0deg) !important;
  opacity: var(--em-opacity, 0.5) !important;
  z-index: 10;
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Expressive Section Transitions
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.section-wave {
  width: 100%; height: 80px; display: block;
  max-width: var(--w); margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.section-wave svg {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block;
}
.section-wave path {
  fill: none; stroke: var(--outline-soft); stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-dasharray: 8 6; stroke-linecap: round;
  animation: dash-flow 20s linear infinite;
}
.section-wave-gradient {
  width: 100%; height: 120px; display: block;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg,
    var(--bg) 0%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, var(--bg)) 30%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, var(--bg)) 50%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 8%, var(--bg)) 70%,
    var(--bg) 100%
  );
  -webkit-mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1200 120'%3E%3Cpath d='M0,60 C200,20 400,100 600,60 C800,20 1000,100 1200,60' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  mask-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1200 120'%3E%3Cpath d='M0,60 C200,20 400,100 600,60 C800,20 1000,100 1200,60' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='50'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  -webkit-mask-size: 100% 100%;
  mask-size: 100% 100%;
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   M3 Expressive — Publication Venue Glow
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Reduced Motion — disable all expressive additions
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
  .reveal, .reveal-left, .reveal-right, .reveal-scale { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .reveal-stagger > * { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .tilt-card { transform: none !important; }
  .hero-title .word { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .floating-emoticon.hovered { transform: none !important; }
}

/* ── 404 ── */
.error-page { text-align: center; padding: 5rem 1.5rem; max-width: 640px; }
.error-code {
  font-size: clamp(4rem, 14vw, 8rem); font-weight: 800; line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  background: var(--gradient-primary);
  background-size: 200% 200%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text; background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  animation: hero-gradient-shift 6s ease-in-out infinite;
}
.error-title { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 750; color: var(--ink); margin: 0.5rem 0 0.75rem; }
.error-lead { color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 1.75rem; }
.error-page .hero-actions { justify-content: center; }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Structured pages
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.page-head { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.page-title {
  font-size: var(--headline-size); font-weight: var(--display-weight);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em; color: var(--ink);
  position: relative; display: inline-block;
}
.page-title::after {
  content: ""; display: block; height: 4px; width: 0; margin-top: 0.3rem;
  background: var(--gradient-primary); border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  animation: title-underline 0.8s var(--ease-emphasized) 0.3s forwards;
}
@keyframes title-underline { to { width: 100%; } }
.page-head .pub-legend { margin-top: 0.6rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }

/* ── People ── */
.people-group { margin-bottom: 3.25rem; }
.people-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem; align-items: stretch;
}
.person-card {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; 
  background: var(--surface-1);
  border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft); 
  border-radius: var(--radius-m);
  overflow: hidden; 
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard),
              border-color 0.3s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.person-photo {
  position: relative; width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  background: var(--secondary-container); display: grid; place-items: center; overflow: hidden;
}
.person-photo img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: relative; z-index: 1;
  transition: transform 0.6s var(--ease-emphasized);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.person-initials {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; z-index: 0;
  font-weight: 800; font-size: 2.4rem; color: var(--on-secondary-container);
}
.person-photo.no-photo .person-initials { z-index: 2; }
.person-body {
  padding: 1.2rem 1.3rem 1.3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.3rem; flex: 1 1 auto;
}
.person-name { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 750; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.person-name-zh { font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.person-role {
  align-self: flex-start; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 680; letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--on-secondary-container); background: var(--secondary-container);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem; border-radius: var(--shape-full); margin: 0.2rem 0 0.5rem;
}
.person-bio { font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.65; color: var(--ink-soft); font-weight: 500; }
.person-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; margin-top: auto; padding-top: 0.75rem; }
.person-link { font-size: 0.74rem; color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none; word-break: break-all; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.25rem; font-weight: 650; }
.person-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.icon-inline { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; flex-shrink: 0; }

.person-card--featured {
  flex-direction: row; align-items: stretch; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; 
  border-radius: var(--radius-l);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-warm);
}
.person-card--featured .person-photo { width: 300px; flex-shrink: 0; aspect-ratio: auto; height: auto; }
.person-card--featured .person-body { justify-content: center; padding: 1.75rem 2rem; gap: 0.5rem; }
.person-card--featured .person-name { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.person-card--featured .person-bio { font-size: 0.94rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.person-card--featured .person-links { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .person-card--featured { flex-direction: column; }
  .person-card--featured .person-photo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; }
}

/* ── Alumni ── */
.alumni-section { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.advisee-group { margin-bottom: 1.75rem; }
.advisee-inst { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
.advisee-note { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 0.7rem; }
.advisee-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.advisee-list li {
  padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem; background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-radius: var(--shape-sm); font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.5;
  transition: transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.advisee-name { font-weight: 650; color: var(--ink); }
.advisee-tag {
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--on-secondary-container);
  background: var(--secondary-container); padding: 0.1rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full); margin: 0 0.2rem;
}
.advisee-current a { color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none; }
.advisee-current a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
/* ── M3 Expressive carousel (past lab members) ── */
.carousel { position: relative; }
.carousel-track {
  display: flex; gap: 1rem; overflow-x: auto; scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem 1rem;
  scrollbar-width: none; -ms-overflow-style: none;
  outline: none;
}
.carousel-track::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.carousel-item {
  flex: 0 0 auto; scroll-snap-align: center;
  width: clamp(240px, 42vw, 420px);
  background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-radius: var(--shape-xl); padding: 0.75rem; box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard),
              border-color 0.3s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
/* M3 carousel hallmark: expressive rounded media that morphs on hover */
.carousel-media {
  overflow: hidden; border-radius: var(--shape-lg);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; background: var(--secondary-container);
  transition: border-radius 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.carousel-media img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s var(--ease-emphasized);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.carousel-item figcaption {
  font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-align: center; padding: 0.7rem 0 0.2rem;
}
/* Nav buttons — float over the track edges */
.carousel-btn {
  position: absolute; top: calc(50% - 0.5rem); transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 48px; height: 48px; border: none; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  background: var(--surface-2); color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer;
  display: grid; place-items: center; box-shadow: var(--elev-2);
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring),
              opacity 0.25s, box-shadow 0.25s; z-index: 5;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.carousel-btn:active { transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.94); }
.carousel-prev { left: -10px; }
.carousel-next { right: -10px; }
.carousel-btn[hidden] { display: none; }
.carousel-btn:disabled { opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .carousel-btn { display: none; }
  .carousel-item { width: 78vw; }
}

/* ── Publications ── */
.pubs { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.pub-year-group { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.pub-year {
  font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 800; color: var(--primary);
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem; letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  position: relative; display: inline-block;
}
.pub-year::after {
  content: ""; display: block; height: 3px; width: 40px; margin-top: 0.2rem;
  background: var(--gradient-primary); border-radius: var(--shape-full);
}
.pub-card {
  background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
  border-radius: 6px 18px 18px 6px; padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard),
              border-color 0.25s var(--ease-standard), border-left-width 0.2s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.pub-link { display: block; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.pub-authors { font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.5; }
.pub-authors strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 750; }
.pub-title { font-size: 0.96rem; font-weight: 650; color: var(--ink); margin: 0.3rem 0; line-height: 1.45; }
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.pub-doi { color: var(--primary); word-break: break-all; }
.pub-note { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 0.4rem; font-style: italic; }
.pub-pdfs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.7rem; }
.pub-pdf-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 650; color: var(--on-primary);
  background: var(--gradient-primary); padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
  text-decoration: none; transition: transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.2s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ── Courses ── */
.courses { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.course-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
.course-item {
  display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: baseline;
  background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-radius: var(--shape-md); padding: 0.85rem 1.1rem;
  transition: transform 0.25s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.course-years { flex-shrink: 0; width: 9rem; font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--on-secondary-container); }
.course-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.course-title { font-size: 0.96rem; font-weight: 650; color: var(--ink); }
.course-inst { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .course-item { flex-direction: column; gap: 0.2rem; }
  .course-years { width: auto; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Prose pages + resources index
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.page-subtitle { margin-top: 0.5rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1rem; max-width: 70ch; }
.page-prose { padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 3rem; }
.page-prose h2 {
  font-size: var(--title-size); font-weight: var(--title-weight);
  color: var(--ink); margin: 1.75rem 0 0.8rem;
}
.page-prose ul { margin: 0 0 1rem; padding-left: 1.2rem; }
.page-prose li { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.7; }
.page-prose li::marker { color: var(--primary); }

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Resources — dataset showroom pattern with organic shapes
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.resource-index { padding: 2rem 0 3rem; }
.resource-grid {
  display: grid; 
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr)); 
  gap: 1.5rem;
  max-width: var(--w);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.resource-card {
  display: flex; 
  flex-direction: column; 
  gap: 0.5rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius-m);
  padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem; 
  text-decoration: none; 
  color: inherit;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  position: relative; 
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 200px;
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .resource-card {
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

/* Organic accent blob in corner */
.resource-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -22px;
  top: -26px;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border-radius: 40% 60% 70% 30%;
  background: var(--dataset-accent, var(--emotion-rose));
  opacity: 0.28;
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.4s var(--ease-spring);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .resource-card::before {
  opacity: 0.18;
}

/* Dataset-specific accent colors (CEWD, CDFED, CEPD, CNVD) */
.resource-card:nth-child(1) { --dataset-accent: var(--emotion-amber); }
.resource-card:nth-child(2) { --dataset-accent: var(--emotion-rose); }
.resource-card:nth-child(3) { --dataset-accent: var(--emotion-blue); }
.resource-card:nth-child(4) { --dataset-accent: var(--emotion-tea); }

/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.resource-abbr {
  align-self: flex-start; 
  font-size: 0.9rem; 
  font-weight: 820; 
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.resource-name { 
  font-size: 1.25rem; 
  font-weight: 750; 
  color: var(--ink); 
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.resource-blurb { 
  font-size: 0.9rem; 
  line-height: 1.65; 
  color: var(--muted); 
  flex: 1;
  font-weight: 600;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.resource-cta {
  display: inline-flex; 
  align-items: center; 
  gap: 0.4rem; 
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem; 
  font-weight: 750; 
  color: var(--primary);
  transition: gap 0.3s var(--ease-spring);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   News — list + post
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
.news-list { padding-bottom: 3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.1rem; }
.news-item {
  display: flex; gap: 1.25rem; text-decoration: none; color: inherit;
  background: var(--surface-1); border: 1px solid var(--outline-soft);
  border-radius: var(--shape-lg); padding: 1rem; box-shadow: var(--elev-1); overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.25s var(--ease-standard), border-color 0.25s;
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.news-thumb {
  flex-shrink: 0; width: 160px; height: 110px; border-radius: var(--shape-md);
  overflow: hidden; background: var(--secondary-container);
}
.news-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.news-body { min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.35rem; }
.news-meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.news-cat {
  font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--on-primary); background: var(--gradient-primary);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem; border-radius: var(--shape-full);
}
.news-date { font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); }
.news-headline { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.35; }
.news-excerpt { font-size: 0.88rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink-soft); }

.news-post { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem 3.5rem; }
.back-link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.3rem; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 650;
  color: var(--primary); text-decoration: none; padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem 0.4rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: var(--shape-full); margin-bottom: 1rem;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease-standard), transform 0.2s var(--ease-spring);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.news-post-head { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.news-post-title {
  font-size: var(--headline-size); font-weight: var(--display-weight);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em; line-height: 1.15; color: var(--ink); margin-top: 0.6rem;
}
.news-gallery { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; }
.news-gallery img {
  width: 100%; border-radius: var(--shape-lg); box-shadow: var(--elev-1); display: block;
  transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.3s var(--ease-standard);
}
/* hover: see @media (hover: hover) block at end of file */
.news-post-body h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); margin: 1.75rem 0 0.7rem; }
.news-post-body ol, .news-post-body ul { margin: 0 0 1rem; padding-left: 1.3rem; }
.news-post-body li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.7; }
.news-post-body li::marker { color: var(--primary); }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .news-item { flex-direction: column; }
  .news-thumb { width: 100%; height: 180px; }
}

/* ══════════════════════════════════════════════
   Hover effects — only on devices with true hover
   Prevents "stuck" hover states on touchscreens.
   ══════════════════════════════════════════════ */
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  /* appbar brand logo */
  .appbar-brand:hover .appbar-logo svg,
  .appbar-brand:hover .appbar-logo img {
    transform: rotate(-8deg) scale(1.08);
  }

  /* nav links */
  .nav-link:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 12%, transparent); color: var(--primary); transform: translateY(-1px); }
  [data-theme="dark"] .nav-link:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 16%, transparent); }
  .nav-item.has-children:hover .nav-caret { transform: rotate(180deg); }
  .nav-item.has-children.submenu-open .nav-caret { transform: rotate(180deg); }
  .nav-subitem:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, transparent); color: var(--on-primary-container); font-weight: 600; }
  [data-theme="dark"] .nav-subitem:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 22%, transparent); color: var(--ink); }

  /* icon buttons */
  .icon-btn:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 18%, transparent); }

  /* mobile drawer links */
  .drawer-link:hover { background: var(--state-hover); transform: translateX(4px); }
  .drawer-sublink:hover { background: var(--state-hover); transform: translateX(4px); }

  /* buttons */
  .btn-filled:hover { box-shadow: var(--elev-3); transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.02); }
  .btn-tonal:hover { transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.02); box-shadow: var(--elev-2); }
  .btn-outlined:hover {
    background: var(--state-hover); transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  }

  /* quick-nav cards */
  .quick-nav-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.01); box-shadow: var(--elev-2);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--card-accent, var(--accent)) 45%, transparent);
  }
  .quick-nav-card:hover .quick-nav-icon {
    transform: scale(1.12);
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--card-accent, var(--accent)) 28%, var(--surface-2));
  }

  /* journal card */
  .journal-card:hover { transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.005); box-shadow: var(--elev-3); }
  .journal-card:hover::before { opacity: 1; }
  .journal-card:hover .journal-cover { transform: rotate(-3deg) scale(1.04); }
  .journal-cta:hover { color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary) 80%, var(--ink)); }
  .journal-cta:hover .journal-cta-pill {
    width: 100%;
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary) 80%, var(--ink));
  }
  .journal-card:hover .journal-arrow { transform: translateX(6px) scale(1.05); box-shadow: var(--elev-2); }

  /* prose links */
  .prose a:hover::after { transform: scaleX(1); transform-origin: left; }

  /* research */
  .research-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-warm); transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.01); }
  .research-list li:hover { color: var(--ink); transform: translateX(4px); }
  .research-list li:hover::before { transform: scale(1.4); }

  /* footer */
  .footer-email:hover::after { transform: scaleX(1); transform-origin: left; }
  .qr-thumb:hover img { transform: scale(1.05) rotate(-2deg); box-shadow: var(--elev-2); }

  /* lightbox */
  .img-lightbox-close:hover { background: color-mix(in srgb, #fff 32%, transparent); transform: rotate(90deg); }

  /* FAB */
  .fab:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--elev-4);
    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-container) 80%, var(--primary));
  }
  .fab:hover .fab-icon { transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .fab:hover .fab-label { max-width: 80px; opacity: 1; margin-left: 8px; }

  /* tilt cards */
  .tilt-card:hover {
    transform: perspective(800px) rotateX(var(--tilt-x, 0deg)) rotateY(var(--tilt-y, 0deg)) scale(1.02);
  }

  /* chips */
  .chip:hover {
    background: var(--state-hover); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 30%, transparent);
    transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
  }
  .chip--selected:hover {
    background: var(--gradient-primary); color: var(--on-primary);
    box-shadow: var(--elev-2); transform: translateY(-2px);
  }

  /* person cards */
  .person-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.01); box-shadow: var(--elev-3);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 35%, transparent);
  }
  .person-card:hover .person-photo img { transform: scale(1.08); }

  /* publication venue glow */
  .pub-card:hover .pub-venue em {
    text-shadow: 0 0 16px color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 25%, transparent);
  }

  /* advisee list */
  .advisee-list li:hover {
    transform: translateX(6px); box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 25%, transparent);
  }

  /* carousel */
  .carousel-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--elev-3);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 30%, transparent);
  }
  .carousel-item:hover .carousel-media {
    border-radius: var(--shape-lg) var(--shape-sm) var(--shape-lg) var(--shape-sm);
  }
  .carousel-item:hover .carousel-media img { transform: scale(1.06); }
  .carousel-btn:hover { background: var(--primary-container); transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.08); box-shadow: var(--elev-3); }

  /* publication cards */
  .pub-card:hover {
    transform: translateX(6px); box-shadow: var(--elev-2);
    border-left-color: var(--accent-h, var(--primary)); border-left-width: 6px;
  }
  .pub-link:hover .pub-title { color: var(--primary); }
  .pub-pdf-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.03); box-shadow: var(--elev-2); }

  /* course items */
  .course-item:hover {
    transform: translateX(4px); box-shadow: var(--elev-1);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 25%, transparent);
  }

  /* resource cards */
  .resource-card:hover::before { opacity: 0.38; transform: rotate(8deg) scale(1.1); }
  .resource-card:hover { transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.01); box-shadow: var(--shadow-warm); }
  .resource-card:hover .resource-cta { gap: 0.6rem; }

  /* news items */
  .news-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.005); box-shadow: var(--elev-2);
    border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 25%, transparent);
  }
  .back-link:hover { background: var(--state-hover); transform: translateX(-3px); }
  .news-gallery img:hover { transform: scale(1.01); box-shadow: var(--elev-2); }
}